When a child lashes out or refuses to join in, we often look at behaviour first. But there is often a hidden reason: language differences - they may not understand the language they hear, or they can't express themselves using language.

Language differences can lead to:

• Frustration from not being understood.
• Misinterpreting instructions or social cues.
• Avoidance of speaking tasks or situations, reducing the interactions they are engaged in or the opportunities they access.
• Acting out as a way to cope.

These behaviours may be misinterpreted as defiance or inattention. But underneath, they might be signs of a child struggling with language and/or communication.

What can teachers do?

Start by observing the child's communication. Are they able to follow instructions? Can they answer questions appropriately? Do they join in class discussions?

Next, use supportive strategies:

• Simplify your language.
• Repeat and rephrase key information.
• Use visuals or written instructions.
• Give extra time to respond.

And most importantly don't assume bad behaviour is a choice. It's often a sign that a child needs help understanding or being understood.

With the right support, these children can thrive. But without it, they may be unfairly labelled and left behind.